The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.